Carbohydrate recommendations scale with body weight and activity. Low-carb/keto: 1 g/kg or less. Sedentary: 2-3 g/kg. General activity: 3-5 g/kg. Active/recreational training: 5-7 g/kg. High-volume training: 7-10 g/kg. Elite endurance during competition: 10-12 g/kg. For a 70 kg active adult, 4 g/kg = 280 g daily carbs, which is roughly equivalent to 4-5 chapatis + 2 cups rice + 1 cup dal + 1 fruit daily.
Carb timing affects performance more than total carbs do at moderate intakes. Pre-workout (1-3 hours before high-intensity exercise): 30-60 g of easy-to-digest carbs (banana, oats, rice). Post-workout (within 2 hours): 0.8-1 g/kg if training again same day. During endurance exercise (>60 minutes): 30-60 g/hour from drinks, gels or food. For lifters, post-workout carb timing matters less than total daily intake.
Carbohydrate quality matters as much as quantity. Low glycemic index (low-GI) carbs - oats, dal, sweet potato, whole grains - release glucose slowly, sustain energy, and are gentler on insulin. High-GI carbs - white bread, sugar, candy - cause rapid spikes and crashes. For metabolic health (especially pre-diabetes and diabetes), low-GI choices dominate; for around-workout fueling, moderate to high-GI is appropriate.